This research conducts a comprehensive longitudinal study on the psychological impact of the October 7, 2023, terror attack in Israel, examining changes in psychological distress, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and substance and behavioral addictions among adults aged 18-70. The study, spanning from March 2022 with ongoing assessments until July 2025, aims to understand how exposure to this national trauma has influenced mental health and addictive behaviors. It evaluates the escalation of psychopathological symptoms from a pre-trauma baseline through multiple post-event phases and identifies resilience and risk factors influencing these trajectories. By integrating exposure to traumatic events, personal resilience, and pre-existing psychopathology, the study seeks to delineate different psychological response patterns to the collective trauma, contributing significantly to our understanding of trauma’s long-term effects on addiction and mental health.